{"id":7677,"date":"2018-12-30T20:00:10","date_gmt":"2018-12-30T19:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/d.websupport.sk\/pravdavlaske.sk\/?p=7677"},"modified":"2019-10-31T09:18:18","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T08:18:18","slug":"snazil-sa-perom-zabit-hriech-john-owen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/clanky\/nazory\/snazil-sa-perom-zabit-hriech-john-owen\/","title":{"rendered":"Sna\u017eil sa perom zabi\u0165 hriech: John Owen"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u0161te pred p\u00e4\u0165desiatimi rokmi by ste mali probl\u00e9m n\u00e1js\u0165 niekoho, kto by poznal meno John Owen<\/em>. Dnes je pravidelne citovan\u00fd z\u00a0kazate\u013en\u00edc, v knih\u00e1ch a\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nkoch, akoby bolo jeho meno udom\u00e1cnen\u00e9. Je to celkom prekvapiv\u00e9, preto\u017ee takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto ho spomenie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1: \u201eAle ne\u010d\u00edta sa \u013eahko!\u201c \u017dil v\u00a017. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0p\u00edsal dlh\u00e9 hlbok\u00e9 teologick\u00e9 diela v\u00a0latin\u010dine. Patril k okrajovej skupine kres\u0165anov naz\u00fdvanej Purit\u00e1ni<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Kto to bol ten John Owen a\u00a0\u010do stoj\u00ed za fenom\u00e9nom jeho rast\u00facej popularity?<\/p>\n

Zachr\u00e1nen\u00fd nik\u00fdm<\/strong><\/p>\n

Narodil sa v\u00a0roku 1616 a\u00a0vyrastal na anglik\u00e1nskej fare. Jeho rodi\u010dia prechov\u00e1vali purit\u00e1nske postoje. Verili, \u017ee anglick\u00e1 reform\u00e1cia nebola dostato\u010dne radik\u00e1lna.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0takejto atmosf\u00e9re si mlad\u00fd intelektu\u00e1lne brilantn\u00fd Owen pred t\u00fdm, ako nast\u00fapil na Oxfordsk\u00fa univerzitu, pre\u0161iel ran\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00fadiami. Av\u0161ak trvalo e\u0161te nieko\u013eko rokov, k\u00fdm sa ubezpe\u010dil o\u00a0svojom vlastnom spasen\u00ed. Pri\u0161iel si vypo\u010du\u0165 zn\u00e1meho pastora do Aldermanbury Chapel v\u00a0Lond\u00fdne, av\u0161ak\u00a0ku kazate\u013eni prist\u00fapil n\u00e1hradn\u00fd kazate\u013e. V\u0161etci Owenovi spolo\u010dn\u00edci boli za n\u00e1v\u0161tevu in\u00e9ho zboru. Kazate\u013e, ktor\u00e9ho identita sa v\u00a0priebehu dej\u00edn stratila, k\u00e1zal z\u00a0Mat\u00fa\u0161a 8:26: \u201e\u010co sa strachujete, \u013eudia malej viery!\u201c Bol to moment Owenovho obr\u00e1tenia.<\/p>\n

U\u010d\u00edme sa tu jednu be\u017en\u00fa lekciu z\u00a0jeho \u017eivota: Pozn\u00e1te men\u00e1 mnoh\u00fdch sl\u00e1vnych kres\u0165anov. Pozn\u00e1te v\u0161ak men\u00e1 t\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd im ako prv\u00ed pouk\u00e1zali na Krista? Pravdepodobne nie. Owenov \u017eivot n\u00e1m pripom\u00edna, \u017ee v\u00fdznamnos\u0165 \u017eivota ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek veriaceho nikdy nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od neho samotn\u00e9ho. Prem\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte nad rados\u0165ou, ke\u010f bud\u00fa v\u00a0sl\u00e1ve tieto prepojenia odhalen\u00e9!<\/p>\n

Owen potom pokra\u010doval v\u00a0slu\u017ebe v\u00a0dvoch anglik\u00e1nskych zboroch, najprv vo Fordhame a\u00a0potom v\u00a0Coggeshalle. Za\u010dal p\u00edsa\u0165 katechizmus pre deti a\u00a0dospel\u00fdch zo svojho vlastn\u00e9ho zhroma\u017edenia a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r, ako to maj\u00fa mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei niekedy vo zvyku, nejak\u00e9 politick\u00e9 diela.<\/p>\n

Obdivuhodn\u00fd purit\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anglicko sa v\u00a0rokoch 1642 a\u017e 1651 zmietalo v\u00a0ob\u010dianskej vojne, ktor\u00e1 do\u010dasne zvrhla monarchiu. Owen sa prozrete\u013ene zozn\u00e1mil s\u00a0ved\u00facimi osobnos\u0165ami cromwellovskej arm\u00e1dy nov\u00e9ho typu. Bol pravidelne poz\u00fdvan\u00fd k\u00e1za\u0165 pred parlamentom. Urobil tak aj 31. janu\u00e1ra 1649, v nasledovnom dni po poprave Charlesa I.<\/p>\n

Jeho hviezda st\u00fapala, a\u017e bol menovan\u00fd za dekana Kristovej cirkvi na Oxfordskej univerzite a\u00a0v\u00a0roku 1652 za viceprezidenta celej univerzity. V\u00a0nede\u013en\u00e9 popoludnia on a\u00a0Thomas Goodwin striedavo k\u00e1zali mlad\u00fdm \u0161tudentom. Ak vezmeme do \u00favahy dne\u0161n\u00e9 ml\u00e1de\u017en\u00edcke slu\u017eby, je zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face si predstavi\u0165, \u017ee obsah Owenovho sl\u00e1vneho tenk\u00e9ho diela „Um\u0155tvovanie hriechu“<\/em> bolo kedysi k\u00e1zan\u00e9 teenagerom!<\/p>\n

Po\u010das tohto obdobia bolo Anglicko pod veden\u00edm lorda protektora Cromwella. Netrvalo to v\u0161ak dlho. Cromwell zomrel v\u00a0roku 1658 a\u00a0jeho syn a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00edk Richard nezdedil po otcovi ve\u013ea schopnost\u00ed. V\u00a0roku 1660 bola monarchia obnoven\u00e1 a\u00a0do dvoch rokov boli nepohodln\u00ed slu\u017eobn\u00edci ako Owen vyhnan\u00ed z kazate\u013en\u00edc a\u00a0zo svojich slu\u017eieb. Do zna\u010dnej miery sa stal medzi verejnos\u0165ou „personou non grata“ (ne\u017eelanou osobou), hoci t\u00e1 jeho intelekt pova\u017eovala st\u00e1le za pr\u00edle\u017eitostne u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd. Odmietol pozvanie Prv\u00e9ho zboru<\/em> v\u00a0Bostone, Massachusetts.<\/p>\n

Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich rokov sa stal hos\u0165om a\u00a0b\u00fdval u\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch vplyvn\u00fdch priate\u013eov. Sl\u00fa\u017eil za zatvoren\u00fdmi dverami, a\u017e dokia\u013e mu toleran\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kon v\u00a0roku 1670 neumo\u017enil vykon\u00e1va\u0165 slu\u017ebu op\u00e4\u0165 verejne. Za\u010dal s\u00a0\u0148ou v\u00a0Lond\u00fdne v\u00a0malom zbore s\u00a0p\u00e1r desiatkami star\u00fdch priate\u013eov a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f sa spojil s\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm zhroma\u017eden\u00edm, po\u010det \u010dlenov nar\u00e1stol. Zostal tu a\u017e do svojej smrti, 24. augusta 1683.<\/p>\n

Dedi\u010dstvo siedmich mili\u00f3nov slov<\/strong><\/p>\n

Za sebou zanechal 24 hrub\u00fdch zv\u00e4zkov biblick\u00fdch v\u00fdkladov spiritu\u00e1lnej, pastora\u010dnej a\u00a0polemickej teol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ovoc\u00edm mysle osvietenej P\u00edsmom, oddanosti Kristovi, v\u00f4le podriadenej Duchu, \u017eivota z\u00e1pasiaceho so svoj\u00edm\u00a0vlastn\u00fdm hriechom a\u00a0starost\u00ed o\u00a0zbory. Jeho dedi\u010dstvo spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0siedmych mili\u00f3noch slov nasiaknut\u00fdch Trojicou, zameran\u00fdch na Krista, ctiacich si Ducha, sk\u00famaj\u00facich srdce, odha\u013euj\u00facich chyby, buduj\u00facich cirkev, objas\u0148uj\u00facich sviatosti a vykladaj\u00facich Bibliu. To, \u017ee mohol vyprodukova\u0165 tak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo spisov pomocou p\u00edsac\u00edch potrieb a\u00a0materi\u00e1lov zo 17-teho storo\u010dia, je samo o\u00a0sebe z\u00e1zrak.<\/p>\n

Niet poch\u00fdb o\u00a0tom, \u017ee by bol prekvapen\u00fd, keby zistil, \u017ee jeho meno je dnes zn\u00e1mej\u0161ie a\u00a0jeho knihy \u010d\u00edtanej\u0161ie, ako tomu bolo kedyko\u013evek po\u010das jeho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Troji\u010dn\u00fd teol\u00f3g<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm to je, \u017ee st\u00e1le hovor\u00ed, aj ke\u010f je m\u0155tvy? Stoja za t\u00fdm\u00a0zjavn\u00e9 a\u00a0skryt\u00e9 d\u00f4vody. Zjavn\u00e9 d\u00f4vody s\u00fa tieto: Owen p\u00edsal ako niekto, kto pozn\u00e1 Boha osobne. Nem\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 jasnej\u0161\u00ed d\u00f4kaz ako ten, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1jdeme v\u00a0jeho diele Spolo\u010denstvo s Trojjedin\u00fdm Bohom<\/em>. Vysvet\u013euje v\u00a0\u0148om ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00fd a \u017eivot premie\u0148aj\u00faci princ\u00edp. V\u0161etko, \u010do Boh Trojice rob\u00ed, rob\u00ed ako jeden P\u00e1n. A\u00a0napriek tomu ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba Trojice m\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00fa \u00falohu vo stvoren\u00ed, vyk\u00fapen\u00ed a\u00a0v posledn\u00fdch d\u0148och. Otec posiela Syna. Syn zomiera za svoj \u013eud. Duch to v\u0161etko uplatn\u00ed vo veriacich. Chv\u00e1lime Otca za to, \u017ee poslal svojho Syna. Chv\u00e1lime Syna, \u017ee za n\u00e1s zomrel. Chv\u00e1lime Ducha za to, \u017ee oslavuje Syna. Ako to rob\u00edme, doch\u00e1dza n\u00e1m mnohorozmernos\u0165, jednotnos\u0165 a\u00a0pritom rozmanitos\u0165 diela Trojice. Ak\u00e9 n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 je ma\u0165 spolo\u010denstvo s\u00a0ka\u017edou Osobou zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa te\u0161i\u0165 so spolo\u010denstva s\u00a0trojjedin\u00fdm Bohom. Je to z\u00e1hada, ale roz\u0161iruje to na\u0161u sk\u00fasenos\u0165 z\u00a0milovania, chv\u00e1lenia, d\u00f4verovania, sl\u00fa\u017eenia, oslavovania a\u00a0radovania sa z\u00a0Neho. Kres\u0165ansk\u00fd \u017eivot sa st\u00e1va privil\u00e9giom nesmiernych rozmerov.<\/p>\n

Owen \u010falej p\u00edsal ako niekto, kto dobre pozn\u00e1 Krista. Jeho v\u00fdklad v\u00a0diele Kristova sl\u00e1va<\/em> je vo svete kres\u0165anskej literat\u00fary prakticky bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00fd. Pritom si z\u00e1rove\u0148 uvedomoval, \u017ee videl iba okraj Kristov\u00fdch rozmerov. V\u00a0de\u0148, ke\u010f zomieral, ho priate\u013e informoval, \u017ee jeho kniha je v\u00a0procese uverejnenia. Owenova reakcia: \u201eSom r\u00e1d, \u017ee to po\u010dujem, \u00f3, brat… Dlho o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fd de\u0148 napokon nadi\u0161iel a\u00a0ja v\u00a0\u0148om budem m\u00f4c\u0165 uvidie\u0165 Jeho sl\u00e1vu in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fdm som to doposia\u013e dok\u00e1zal alebo bol na tomto svete schopn\u00fd dok\u00e1za\u0165.\u201c<\/p>\n

Trpiaci u\u010denec<\/strong><\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak existuj\u00fa aj skryt\u00e9 d\u00f4vody, pre\u010do Owenov vplyv pretrval. Owenova minulos\u0165 n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha objasni\u0165, pre\u010do ke\u010f \u010d\u00edtame jeho spisy, nach\u00e1dzame v nich nie\u010do, \u010do u\u017e zriedkakedy vid\u00edme v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch. Ide o\u00a0skvel\u00e9 u\u010denie a\u00a0hlbok\u00e9 my\u0161lienky vo zv\u00e4zku s\u00a0duchovn\u00fdm poh\u013eadom, ktor\u00fd sa vyn\u00e1ra z\u00a0jedine\u010dnej osobnej sk\u00fasenosti.<\/p>\n

Len sa nad t\u00fdm zamyslite: M\u00e1me tu mu\u017ea s\u00a0mohutn\u00fdm intelektu\u00e1lnym darom, ktor\u00fd sa s\u00fdtil reformovanou teol\u00f3giou od detstva, av\u0161ak ch\u00fdbala mu rados\u0165 z\u00a0Boha poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca z\u00a0istoty spasenia. Boh ho v\u0161ak po\u017eehnal a\u00a0pokoril skrze \u017eivot premie\u0148aj\u00face slovo od \u201enikoho\u201c.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me tu mu\u017ea-kazate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd sa v\u00a0za\u010diatkoch svojej slu\u017eby staral o\u00a0obrovsk\u00fd zbor a\u00a0bol vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fdm kazate\u013eom n\u00e1roda v\u00a0zn\u00e1mom univerzitnom meste, ktor\u00e9ho neskor\u0161ie zbory boli preva\u017ene mal\u00e9 a\u017e podzemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me tu niekoho, kto sa vedel \u013eahko pohybova\u0165 medzi arm\u00e1dnymi gener\u00e1lmi, politick\u00fdmi l\u00eddrami a\u00a0\u0161\u013eachtou, ale ktor\u00fd r\u00e1d hostil a\u00a0po\u010d\u00faval k\u00e1zanie Johna Bunyana. Na ot\u00e1zku kr\u00e1\u013ea Charlesa II., pre\u010do po\u010d\u00fava \u201etoho cig\u00e1\u0148a,\u201c odpovedal: \u201eVzdal by som sa v\u0161etk\u00e9ho svojho u\u010denia, ak by som mohol ma\u0165 kazate\u013esk\u00e9 schopnosti toho cig\u00e1\u0148a.\u201c<\/p>\n

Horiace a\u00a0\u017eiariace svetlo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Poznal Boha a\u00a0za\u017eil Jeho ruku vo svojom \u017eivote. Preto Owenove spisy neust\u00e1le informuj\u00fa a\u00a0roz\u0165ahuj\u00fa mysle a\u00a0du\u0161e najnadanej\u0161\u00edch teol\u00f3gov a\u00a0slu\u017eobn\u00edkov evanjelia a\u00a0v\u00a0rovnakom \u010dase sl\u00fa\u017eia hlboko aj be\u017en\u00fdm veriacim kres\u0165anom. Preto m\u00f4\u017eeme aj my dnes potvrdi\u0165 slov\u00e1 Owenovho asistenta Davida Clarksona, ktor\u00fd takto prehovoril na jeho pohrebe:<\/p>\n

\u201eVe\u013ek\u00e9 svetlo zhaslo. Velik\u00e1n sv\u00e4tosti, vzdel\u00e1vania, talentov a\u00a0schopnost\u00ed, pastor a u\u010denec. Sv\u00e4tos\u0165 dodala nebesk\u00fd lesk jeho \u00faspechom. Svietila po cel\u00fd \u010das a\u00a0\u0161\u00edrila sa ka\u017ed\u00fdm jeho slovom. Nemus\u00edm v\u00e1m vravie\u0165, \u017ee som ho poznal a\u00a0spozoroval, \u017ee bol skvel\u00fdm propag\u00e1torom sv\u00e4tosti v\u00a0moci, \u017eivote a\u00a0jej uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed medzi vami. Jednou z\u00a0jeho s\u0165a\u017enost\u00ed bolo, \u017ee jej moc zoslabla medzi u\u010dite\u013emi. Usiloval sa zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 alebo odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 duchovn\u00fd \u00fapadok jeho vlastn\u00e9ho st\u00e1da. Bol horiacim a\u00a0\u017eiariacim svetlom a\u00a0vy ste sa na chv\u00ed\u013eu z\u00a0neho te\u0161ili. \u0160koda, \u017ee len na chv\u00ed\u013eu a\u00a0\u017ee sa z\u00a0neho nem\u00f4\u017eme te\u0161i\u0165 st\u00e1le.\u201c<\/p>\n

Clarkson hovoril dobre a\u00a0pravdivo s\u00a0v\u00fdnimkou t\u00fdch p\u00e1r posledn\u00fdch slov. Owen vrhol svetlo na Bo\u017e\u00ed majest\u00e1t, l\u00e1skavos\u0165 Otca, sl\u00e1vu P\u00e1na Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista, vn\u00fatorn\u00fa slu\u017ebu Ducha Sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho, hrie\u0161nos\u0165 hriechu, ve\u013ekolepos\u0165 milosti, privil\u00e9gi\u00e1 kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a\u00a0sl\u00e1vu, ktor\u00e1 e\u0161te len pr\u00edde. Bol skuto\u010dn\u00fdm J\u00e1nom Krstite\u013eom svojej doby, horiacim a\u00a0\u017eiariacim svetlom. A\u00a0my sa z\u00a0neho st\u00e1le m\u00f4\u017eeme te\u0161i\u0165 a\u00a0aj tak rob\u00edme.<\/p>\n

Sinclair Ferguson<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Prelo\u017een\u00e9 z: https:\/\/www.desiringgod.org\/articles\/he-sought-to-kill-sin-with-a-pen<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

E\u0161te pred p\u00e4\u0165desiatimi rokmi by ste mali probl\u00e9m n\u00e1js\u0165 niekoho, kto by poznal meno John Owen. Dnes je pravidelne citovan\u00fd z\u00a0kazate\u013en\u00edc, v knih\u00e1ch a\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nkoch, akoby bolo jeho meno udom\u00e1cnen\u00e9. Je to celkom prekvapiv\u00e9, preto\u017ee takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto ho spomenie, z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1: \u201eAle ne\u010d\u00edta sa \u013eahko!\u201c \u017dil v\u00a017. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0p\u00edsal dlh\u00e9 hlbok\u00e9 teologick\u00e9 diela v\u00a0latin\u010dine.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[179,181],"ppma_author":[213],"class_list":["post-7677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","tag-biografia","tag-sinclair-ferguson"],"authors":[{"term_id":213,"user_id":29,"is_guest":0,"slug":"heartcry-missionary-society","display_name":"Sinclair Ferguson","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f72252525977224f43a96563fcd5b4d98deb98f59606a1e8e5ce1eb546f78477?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7677"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7677\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7677"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=7677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}