{"id":5319,"date":"2017-09-11T22:33:54","date_gmt":"2017-09-11T20:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/d.websupport.sk\/pravdavlaske.sk\/?p=5319"},"modified":"2025-12-11T13:45:27","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T12:45:27","slug":"reformacia-muzi-na-jej-cele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/clanky\/nazory\/reformacia-muzi-na-jej-cele\/","title":{"rendered":"Reform\u00e1cia a\u00a0mu\u017ei na jej \u010dele"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako sa bl\u00ed\u017ei 500. v\u00fdro\u010die reform\u00e1cie, budeme postupne uverej\u0148ova\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u00a0knihy \u201ePillars of Grace\u201c (Piliere milosti) od Dr. Stevena J. Lawsona o\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch reform\u00e1toroch ak\u00fdmi boli napr. Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, William Tyndale, Heinrich Bullinger a\u00a0John Calvin. V\u00a0dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku n\u00e1m Dr. Lawson pribl\u00ed\u017ei pozadie reform\u00e1cie a\u00a0reform\u00e1torov.<\/em><\/p>\n

Protestantsk\u00e1 reform\u00e1cia je od svojho za\u010diatku jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najrozsiahlej\u0161\u00edch svet meniacich prejavov Bo\u017eej milosti od \u010dias prvej cirkvi. Nebol to len jeden ojedinel\u00fd \u010din, ktor\u00fd by ju roz\u0161\u00edril po svete, ani ju neviedol jeden \u010dlovek. Toto hist\u00f3riu meniace hnutie sa odohr\u00e1valo na r\u00f4znych miestach a\u00a0po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed. Ale s\u00fahrnne bol tento vplyv obrovsk\u00fd. Zn\u00e1my cirkevn\u00fd historik Philip Schaff nap\u00edsal: \u201eReform\u00e1cia 16. storo\u010dia je po zrode kres\u0165anstve tou najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou udalos\u0165ou v\u00a0hist\u00f3rii. Znamenala ukon\u010denie stredoveku a\u00a0za\u010diatok modernej doby. Po\u010dn\u00fac n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvom priamo alebo nepriamo ovplyvnila a\u00a0popohnala dopredu mnoho in\u00fdch hnut\u00ed a\u00a0tak sa z\u00a0protestantizmu stala najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia hnacia sila v\u00a0hist\u00f3rii modernej civiliz\u00e1cie.\u201c Hlavn\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom reform\u00e1cie bolo obnovenie prav\u00e9ho evanjelia Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista a\u00a0toto obnovenie malo tie\u017e obrovsk\u00fd vplyv na cirkev, n\u00e1rody a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj z\u00e1padnej civiliz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Bo\u017e\u00edm veden\u00edm bola svetov\u00e1 sc\u00e9na jedine\u010dne pripraven\u00e1 na reform\u00e1ciu. Cirkev z\u00fafalo potrebovala reformu. Duchovn\u00e1 temnota bola zosobnen\u00e1 v\u00a0podobe r\u00edmsko-katol\u00edckej cirkvi. Biblia bola uzavretou knihou. Duchovn\u00e1 \u013eahostajnos\u0165 ovl\u00e1dala \u013eudsk\u00e9 mysle. Evanjelium bolo prekr\u00faten\u00e9. Cirkevn\u00e1 trad\u00edcia prevl\u00e1dla nad Bo\u017eou pravdou. Opustilo sa osobn\u00e9 posv\u00e4tenie. Prehnit\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 trad\u00edcie obkolesovali p\u00e1pe\u017ea a\u00a0k\u0148azov. Korupcia a\u00a0bezbo\u017enos\u0165 po\u0161kvrnili dogmu aj prax.<\/p>\n

Na druhej strane sa v\u0161ak u\u017e bl\u00ed\u017eili nov\u00e9 \u010dasy. Feud\u00e1lne \u0161t\u00e1ty ustupovali n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 prieskumn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy. Kri\u0161tof Kolumbus objavil v\u00a0roku 1492 nov\u00fd svet. Otv\u00e1rali sa obchodn\u00e9 cesty. Stredn\u00e1 trieda sa za\u010dala vzm\u00e1ha\u0165. Roz\u0161irovali sa mo\u017enosti vzdelania. Gutenbergov vyn\u00e1lez tla\u010diarne (1454) zna\u010dne zlep\u0161il \u0161\u00edrenie my\u0161lienok. Pod v\u0161etk\u00fdmi t\u00fdmito vplyvmi sa renesancia dostala na v\u00fdslnie. Navy\u0161e \u010fal\u0161iu obrovsk\u00fa zmenu na svetovej sc\u00e9ne mala prinies\u0165 reform\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 priniesla najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zmeny v\u00a0cirkvi Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista.<\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom k\u00a0tak\u00fdmto dramatick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m vyvst\u00e1va nieko\u013eko ot\u00e1zok: Ak\u00e9 faktory viedli k\u00a0protestantskej reform\u00e1cii? Kde sa za\u010dala reform\u00e1cia? Ako vzniklo tak\u00e9to ve\u013ek\u00e9 hnutie? Kam sa roz\u0161\u00edrilo? Ktor\u00ed \u013eudia boli k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi vodcami tohto hnutia? Ak\u00e9 biblick\u00e9 pravdy boli odhalen\u00e9 v\u00a0tomto \u010dase? Na \u00favod, aby sme mohli zodpoveda\u0165 tieto ot\u00e1zky, mus\u00edme sa s\u00fastredi\u0165 na t\u00fdch velik\u00e1nov viery, ktor\u00ed viedli t\u00fato reform\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

\u00daradn\u00ed reform\u00e1tori<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na za\u010diatku 16. storo\u010dia za\u010dal Boh vychov\u00e1va\u0165 nieko\u013eko siln\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa zn\u00e1mi ako reform\u00e1tori. V\u00a0cirkv\u00e1ch u\u017e existovali nejak\u00ed reform\u00e1tori, ale t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed sa v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed dost\u00e1vali do povedomia verejnosti, boli t\u00fdmi najvzdelanej\u0161\u00edmi, najzbo\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi a\u00a0najvernej\u0161\u00edmi vodcami, ak\u00fdch cirkev poznala.\u00a0 Boli zah\u013aben\u00ed v Biblii a\u00a0vyzna\u010dovali sa obrovskou odvahou postavi\u0165 sa tv\u00e1rou v\u00a0tv\u00e1r opoz\u00edcii. Boli hlboko oddan\u00ed pravde a\u00a0l\u00e1ske ku Kristovej cirkvi, ktor\u00e1 ich viedla k\u00a0snahe o\u00a0prinavr\u00e1tenie jej stratenej sl\u00e1vy. Jednoducho povedan\u00e9, t\u00fa\u017eili vidie\u0165 Bo\u017e\u00ed \u013eud ako uctieva Boha pod\u013ea P\u00edsma. T\u00edto mu\u017ei boli \u017eiariacimi svetlami v\u00a0temn\u00fdch d\u0148och.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea slov historika Stephena Nicholsa: \u201eReform\u00e1tori sa nepova\u017eovali za \u017eiadnych vyn\u00e1lezcov, objavite\u013eov alebo tvorcov. Pova\u017eovali sa za znovuobjavite\u013eov. Netvorili nie\u010do od z\u00e1kladov, ale odha\u013eovali to, \u010do postupom \u010dasu zomrelo. Za\u010dali sk\u00fama\u0165 Bibliu a\u00a0apo\u0161tolsk\u00fa \u00e9ru, za\u010dali op\u00e4\u0165 vzhliada\u0165 k\u00a0rann\u00fdm cirkevn\u00fdm otcom, ak\u00fdm bol napr\u00edklad August\u00edn (354-430), aby na\u0161li sp\u00f4sob, ako by mohli ovplyvni\u0165 cirkev a\u00a0nie\u010do v\u00a0nej zmeni\u0165. Reform\u00e1tori mali jedno pr\u00edslovie: \u201eEcclesia reformata, semper reformanda,\u201c \u010do v\u00a0preklade znamen\u00e1: \u201eCirkev reformovan\u00e1 a\u00a0reformuj\u00faca sa pod\u013ea slova Bo\u017eieho.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00daradn\u00ed reform\u00e1tori sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u00faradn\u00fdmi, preto\u017ee ich reforma\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasilie podporovali aspo\u0148 niektor\u00e9 vl\u00e1dne org\u00e1ny alebo sudcovia a\u00a0preto\u017ee verili, \u017ee ob\u010dianski sudcovia by mali presadzova\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fa pravdiv\u00fa vieru. Toto pomenovanie je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 preto, aby t\u00fdchto reform\u00e1torov bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 odl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 od radik\u00e1lnych reform\u00e1torov (Anabaptistov), ktor\u00ed nemali podporu \u00faradn\u00fdch in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jedine P\u00edsmo<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010casom sa posolstvo reform\u00e1torov sformovalo do piatich z\u00e1sad: sola Scriptura <\/em>(jedine P\u00edsmo), solus Christus <\/em>(jedine Kristus), sola gratia<\/em> (jedine milos\u0165), sola fide <\/em>(jedine vierou), soli Deo gloria <\/em>(jedine Bo\u017eia sl\u00e1va). Prv\u00e1 z\u00a0t\u00fdchto z\u00e1sad, sola Scriptura,<\/em> bola hlavn\u00fdm znakom tohto hnutia.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa tri mo\u017en\u00e9 formy autor\u00edt v\u00a0na\u0161om \u017eivote: Po prv\u00e9, je tu autorita n\u00e1\u0161ho P\u00e1na a\u00a0Jeho p\u00edsomn\u00e9 zjavenie. Po druh\u00e9, existuje autorita cirkvi a\u00a0jej vodcov. Po tretie, existuje autorita \u013eudsk\u00e9ho rozumu. Ke\u010f reform\u00e1tori hl\u00e1sali \u201ejedine P\u00edsmo,\u201c <\/em>vyjadrili svoj z\u00e1v\u00e4zok k\u00a0autorite Boha zjavenej v\u00a0P\u00edsme. James Montgomery Boice vyjadruje z\u00e1klad svojej viery slovami: \u201eBiblia samotn\u00e1 je na\u0161ou najvy\u0161\u0161ou autoritou a\u00a0nie p\u00e1pe\u017e, cirkev, cirkevn\u00e9 trad\u00edcie alebo cirkevn\u00e1 rada. E\u0161te men\u0161ou autoritou s\u00fa n\u00e1m osobn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory alebo subjekt\u00edvne pocity. Jedin\u00fa autoritu m\u00e1me v P\u00edsme.\u201c Reform\u00e1cia bola v\u00a0podstate obdob\u00edm, kedy sa bojovalo o\u00a0to, ktor\u00e1 autorita bude ma\u0165 prednos\u0165. R\u00edm tvrdil, \u017ee autorita spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0P\u00edsme a\u00a0trad\u00edci\u00e1ch, v\u00a0P\u00edsme a\u00a0p\u00e1pe\u017eovi, v\u00a0P\u00edsme a\u00a0cirkevn\u00fdch rad\u00e1ch. Reform\u00e1tori v\u0161ak verili, \u017ee autorita patr\u00ed jedine P\u00edsmu.<\/p>\n

Schaff p\u00ed\u0161e: \u201eZatia\u013e\u010do sa humanisti vracali sp\u00e4\u0165 ku starovek\u00fdm klasik\u00e1m a\u00a0sna\u017eili sa o\u00a0obnovu gr\u00e9ckeho a\u00a0r\u00edmskeho pohansk\u00e9ho myslenia, reform\u00e1tori sa vr\u00e1tili sp\u00e4\u0165 k P\u00edsmu v\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch jazykoch a\u00a0sna\u017eili sa obnovi\u0165 ducha apo\u0161tolsk\u00e9ho kres\u0165anstva. Mali tak\u00fd z\u00e1pal pre evanjelium, ako mali \u013eudia za \u010dias apo\u0161tola Pavla. Kristus vstal zo z\u00e1hrobia \u013eudsk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed a\u00a0znovu sa za\u010dalo k\u00e1za\u0165 Jeho \u017eiv\u00e9 slovo\u00a0pln\u00e9 sily. Biblia, ktor\u00e1 bola doteraz len knihou k\u0148azov, bola v\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed znovu prelo\u017een\u00e1\u00a0lep\u0161ie ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm do eur\u00f3pskych \u013eudov\u00fdch jazykov a\u00a0stala sa tak knihou pre \u013eud\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kres\u0165an od tohto obdobia m\u00f4\u017ee \u010derpa\u0165 priamo z\u00a0Prame\u0148a \u017eivej vody a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee spo\u010d\u00edva\u0165 pri noh\u00e1ch U\u010dite\u013ea bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek povolenia alebo\u00a0z\u00e1sahu k\u0148aza.<\/p>\n

Prame\u0148 zvrchovanej milosti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento z\u00e1v\u00e4zok riadenia sa jedine P\u00edsmom viedol ku znovuobjaveniu doktr\u00edn milosti. N\u00e1vrat k Biblii nevyhnutne viedol k\u00a0poznaniu pravdy o\u00a0Bo\u017eej zvrchovanosti pri z\u00e1chrane Bo\u017eou milos\u0165ou. \u010eal\u0161ie \u0161tyri reforma\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady: solus Christus, sola gratia, sola fide a\u00a0soli Deo gloria <\/em>vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa priamo zo sola Scriptura. <\/em><\/p>\n

Prv\u00fdm reform\u00e1torom bol augustini\u00e1nsky k\u0148az, ktor\u00fd pribil 95 t\u00e9z proti r\u00edmskokatol\u00edckej praxi predaja odpustkov na dvere hradn\u00e9ho kostola vo Wittenbergu v Nemecku, 31. okt\u00f3bra 1517. Volal sa Martin Luther (1483-1546). Tento odv\u00e1\u017eny \u00fakon mn\u00edcha s\u00a0kladivom spustil reform\u00e1ciu. Nasledovalo ho mnoho in\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch reform\u00e1torov ako napr\u00edklad Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), Hugh Latimer (1487-1555), Martin Bucer (1491-1551), William Tyndale (asi 1494-1536), Philip Melanchton (1497-1560) Rogers (1500-1555), Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575) a\u00a0John Calvin (1509-1564). T\u00edto mu\u017ei boli pevne oddan\u00ed pravd\u00e1m\u00a0P\u00edsma a\u00a0zvrchovanej milosti.<\/p>\n

Steven Lawson<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Prelo\u017een\u00e9 z: http:\/\/www.ligonier.org\/blog\/reformation-and-men-behind-it\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nky Stevena Lawsona o reform\u00e1toroch prvej vlny:<\/p>\n

Pevnos\u0165 pravdy: Martin Luther https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/clanky\/nazory\/martin-luther-pevnost-pravdy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Revolucion\u00e1r Z\u00fcrichu: Ulrich Zwingli https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/clanky\/nazory\/revolucionar-zurichu-ulrich-zwingli\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Velik\u00e1n prekladate\u013eov: William Tyndale https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/clanky\/nazory\/velikan-prekladatelov-william-tyndale\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ne\u00fanavn\u00fd teol\u00f3g: Heinrich Bullinger https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/clanky\/nazory\/neunavny-teolog-heinrich-bullinger\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Teol\u00f3g tis\u00edcro\u010dia: John Calvin https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/clanky\/nazory\/teolog-tisicrocia-jan-kalvin\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ako sa bl\u00ed\u017ei 500. v\u00fdro\u010die reform\u00e1cie, budeme postupne uverej\u0148ova\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u00a0knihy \u201ePillars of Grace\u201c (Piliere milosti) od Dr. Stevena J. Lawsona o\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch reform\u00e1toroch ak\u00fdmi boli napr. Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, William Tyndale, Heinrich Bullinger a\u00a0John Calvin. V\u00a0dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku n\u00e1m Dr. Lawson pribl\u00ed\u017ei pozadie reform\u00e1cie a\u00a0reform\u00e1torov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":5320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[124,149],"ppma_author":[217],"class_list":["post-5319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nazory","tag-cirkevna-historia","tag-steven-lawson"],"authors":[{"term_id":217,"user_id":13,"is_guest":0,"slug":"ligonier-ministries","display_name":"Ligonier Ministries","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11424,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5319\/revisions\/11424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5319"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pravdavlaske.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}